Īzhar R, Tuwohingide D, Kamudi D, Suciati N (2015) Batik image classification using SIFT feature extraction, bag of features and support vector machine. D6913/D6913M-17 (2017) Standard test methods for particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analysis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat 2(4):433–459Ībraham S, Huynh C, Vu H (2020) Classification of soils into hydrologic groups using machine learning. This study suggests that a dataset of 2000 particles per sand is sufficient for optimal classification performance and that image preprocessing of DIA images was not necessary.Ībdi H, Williams LJ (2010) Principal component analysis. The analysis also reveals that histograms of orientation gradients of SIFT keypoints in sand appear well correlated with sphericity and convexity of particles. Adding SIFT to size and shape can increase classification accuracy to 83% using a random forest classifier. In addition, use of scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features was also explored to permit future generalization of sand classification using image datasets containing images with different scales and resolutions. The study demonstrates that the size and shape descriptors are efficient and robust to identify up to 75% of sand particles, using a neural network classifier. The efficacy of seven ML models for automatically classifying individual sand particles was explored. Each particle was represented by six engineering size and four shape descriptors. Nine types of sand were selected, and the analysis was based on 2000 binary images of each sand that were obtained from dynamic image analysis (DIA). Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly being introduced for automatic identification and classification of various objects. This study demonstrates the feasibility of employing machine learning algorithms for sand classification.
#Sand particles manual#
Traditional shape classification is tedious, subjective, and time-consuming because it depends on manual visual comparison with reference particles. Particle classification is essential for geotechnical engineering practice since particle shapes correlate with the mechanical and hydraulic properties of sand layers.
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